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Treatment technique

The FABER-AMBRA® Concept

The FABER-AMBRA®-process stands out through the availability of its different modules and their wide adaptability to local conditions and waste parameters.

The realisation of the concept requires a mechanical-biological waste treatment as the basic module. This treatment step is initially described in the attached references for the Meisenheim plant.

Description of the basic module:

Valuable or hazardous materials are separated from the delivered waste before the mechanical treatment is initiated. During this mechanical treatment the waste is crushed and homogenised in a closed drum, with the addition of seepage from any dump (for instance from old waste dumps) without incurring further costs, and maintaining an environmentally friendly disposal. The next step is the biological treatment of the waste which is decisive in achieving the TA Siedlungsabfall. During this stage, the biological decomposing organic waste mass is treated as an aerobic-cell (with oxygen) and microbiological process to achieve almost entire waste decomposition.

This stage can be reached by a rotting duration of approx. 9-12 months. Complete decomposition of the biological organic mass is the exact aim. (Any remaining biological decomposing organic mass in the waste causes an uncontrollable anaerobic-cell (without oxygen) and microbiological decomposing process as found in traditional waste dumps). By using the FABER-AMBRA® process, the legal requirements proposed for the TA Siedlungsabfall according to draft regulation 29. BlmSchV and AbfAbIV (as per April 2000) are adhered to without exception.

Alternatively, the biological treatment may also be processed in two stages. In this case, the first biological treatment comprising of an anaerobic-cell (without oxygen) method, the Valorga-process of Steinmüller-Rompf GmbH, would be integrated. The second biological treatment would comprise of an aerobic-cell follow-up treatment until waste processing can continue.

Following the biological treatment, the waste is then built-up in rotting heaps in thin layers. Examinations by the Leichtweiß-Institute of the Technical University Braunschweig show that the use of the FABER-AMBRA®-process produces a waste dump body with low emissions that meets the requirements of No. 10.1. of the TA Siedlungsabfall. This ensures that:

gas formation in the waste dump body is almost completely avoided
organic water seepage is clearly reduced
the Eluat requirements of Appendix B are entirely complied with
a substantially higher waste build-up is possible
settlement of waste dump body following biological decomposing of organic matter is avoided

Thus, it is proven that with the use of our basic module, a waste dump of the most modern requirements can be produced. Appropriate proof is published in the Leichtweiß-Institute reference (i.e. COLLINS et al. 1998). The waste to be deposited after treatment contains a high mass of useable substance, both as energy or material. This requires the use of a treatment technique to separate the valuable materials from the "mixed residual waste". The Faber Recycling GmbH developed, in co-operation with the Leichtweiß-Institute of the Technical University Braunschweig, different treatment concepts for material and energy-specific waste treatment.

Description of the modules for material and energy-specific treatment

Module 1: Thermal utilization of particles with high calorific value

Following the mechanical-biological waste treatment, sieving of the waste may take place, whereby light particles with a high calorific value of >20.000 KJ/kg are separated and utilized for the production of electricity and steam. This utilization may take place locally in decentralised small plants that will, of course, be compliant with the regulations of the 17. BlmSchV. Such a thermal utilization cannot be compared to simplistic waste disposal in traditional combustion plants. Rather, the required technique resembles a power station technique and not traditional waste incineration.

Module 2: Material utilization of fine particles

The residual heavy particles still contain a large amount of reusable materials. By treating the heavy particles with a mechanical process, a separation of the fine particles can be achieved (Patent Faber Recycling GmbH) and may then be used in the recycling of material for the building industry.

Treatment combination of the modules:

By using this process, and subsequent to the mechanical-biological treatment, sieving of the particles high in calorific value, will take place (see Fig. 1). Fine particles are separated from the heavy, and used for material recycling.

The residual materials (approx. 30% of the mass) are deposited in thin layers on the existing rotting heaps. This environmentally friendly and low-emission process, through the use of the basic module for mechanical-biological treatment, enables the waste to reach a state of sedimentation.

As well as any ecological advantages, there are also economical advantages when using the FABER-AMBRA®-process. This type of pre-treatment offers, compared to other pre-treatment processes, some essential advantages:

low investments, depending on utilization and technical equipment, allowing the process to be operated at reasonable cost
customers are not bound by any long-term investment
the process is adaptable with the various modules and flexible for changing conditions, i.e. sinking of waste mass
the aerobic-cell, biological treatment is carried out in systems with own ventilation thereby eliminating the need for foreign energy and avoiding CO2-emissions
the requirements as formulated in the draft regulations for legislation of the TA Siedlungsabfall are fully achievable with this process

Fig. 1 Possible module combinations in the FABER-AMBRA®-process

Currently, the following projects are carried out using the FABER-AMBRA®-process abroad: Brazil (pilot project in Rio de Janeiro; research project sponsored by BMBF; Sao Sebastiao, industrial project in co-operation with GTZ, 30.000 t/a), and in Thailand (pilot project in co-operation with GTZ, 40.000 t/a).

The high standards for environmental protection that can be reached by use of the FABER-AMBRA®-process, were successfully proven in all of the above projects. The ecological and economical utilization of the FABER-AMBRA®-process is of particular importance especially for projects operated in co-operation for development.

References:

COLLINS, H.-J. BRAMMER, F. MAAK, D.1998	Ergebnisse der mechanisch-biologischen Abfallbehandlung bei mehrjährigem Praxisbetrieb, Entsorgungspraxis Teil 1: Heft 4/98, S. 26;Teil 2: Heft 5/98
COLLINS, H.-J. MAAK, D.1997	MBA Meisenheim, Landkreis Bad Kreuznach in: Mechanisch-biologische Verfahren zur stoffspezifischen Abfallbeseitigung, Heft 33 der Beihefte zu Müll und Abfall, Erich Schmidt Verlag, ISBN 3 503 04344